Tom Chavez
Mahabharata 3: Santanu, Satyavati and Bhishma
It’s been a while since I left off the story of Santanu and his marriage to the celestial goddess, Ganga, who drowned their first seven children and then took away the eighth child, promising to return him one day. Santanu tolerated his misfortune and threw himself wholeheartedly into governing his kingdom.
Santanu was an ideal king, full of virtue, free from avarice and malice. In splendor he was like the Sun, in impetuous courage like the wind. In anger he was like the Lord of Death, Yamaraja, and in patience he was like the earth.
Under Santanu’s rule all living entities were protected, including the birds and beasts and every created being. He was so great that all other kings bestowed upon him the title “King of kings” and became peaceful and virtuous under his protection.
Santanu would often visit the banks of the Ganges, the only spot which gave him comfort. One day, about sixteen years after losing Ganga, he noticed that the river had become shallow, and was not flowing normally.
Searching for the cause the king came upon a lustrous and beautiful youth, who had checked the river’s flow with his celestial weapon. This youth was Santanu’s son, but the king did not recognize him, although he recognized the king.
The king, wondering much and imagining that the youth might be his own son, addressed the river saying, “Show me that child.”
Ganga, thus addressed, assumed a beautiful form in person, but to spare Santanu she showed herself in a different aspect. Santanu did not recognize that beautiful female bedecked with ornaments and attired in fine robes of white, although he had known her before.
Ganga said, “O king, that eighth son is now trained in military arts and has studied all the Vedas with his superior intelligence. He is fully conversant with the duties of a king. Accept now this child of yours, given to you by me.”
Santanu accepted the youth very happily and went with him to his capitol where he installed him as the heir-apparent. By his perfect behavior the prince soon pleased his father, the government ministers and, in fact, all the citizens of the kingdom.
Thus, king Santanu and his son Devavratta lived most happily for four years.
Then, one day, as the king wandered in the woods along the bank of the Yamuna River, he perceived a sweet scent wafting on the breeze. Following the scent he came upon a dark-eyed maiden of celestial beauty, the daughter of the fisher king, named Satyavati.
Satyavati’s beauty, amiableness and fragrant scent attracted the king to get her for his wife. King Santanu approached her father and requested her hand.
Her father said, “O king, I have long cherished a desire in my heart. I know you are truthful. If you desire this maiden as a gift from me, pledge to honor my desire and I will give her to you. I could never obtain any other husband for her equal to you.”
The monarch said, “When I hear the pledge I shall say whether I can grant it or not. If it is capable of being granted, I shall certainly grant it.”
The fisher king said, “O king, the son of Satyavati should be installed on the throne and no one else. That is my desire.”
Santanu had no inclination to agree to this. With his heart afflicted by desire he returned home to his capitol. After some time his son Devavrata perceived the change in his father and asked him why he seemed depressed and melancholy. What was the problem?
Santanu told his son that he was worried for the kingdom, that he had only one son, and what would happen to the dynasty if Devavrata should meet an untimely end on the battlefield? The dynastic line would have no successor.
The intelligent Devavrata went to the king’s old devoted minister and asked him about the cause of the king’s depression. The minister told him about Satyavati and her father’s demand.
Devavrata then went, with a retinue, to the fisher chief and begged for his daughter on behalf of his father. The chieftain informed him that although Santanu was most qualified, his one objection was that there was a rival for the throne, in the person of Devavrata himself.
Devarata then vowed that he would never accept the throne, and that only Satyavati’s son should be the king. Satyavati’s father appreciated Devavrata’s vow and truthfulness but expressed another doubt. If Devavrata had a son, then that son might challenge Satyavati’s son for the throne.
Devavrata then told the chief of fishermen, “I have already renounced my right to the throne. I shall now settle the matter of my children. Before all the assembled witnesses I vow to remain a celibate brahmacari and to never associate with a woman for all my life.”
Hearing this, the chief of the fishermen was fully pleased and immediately presented his daughter Satyavati to Devavrata for his father, Maharaja Santanu. Then the demigods, apsaras, and assembled sages showered flowers upon Devavrata, exclaiming, “He is truly Bhishma (the terrible)!” Consequently, Devavrata is renouned in history as Bhishma, he of terrible vow.
Bhishma took Satyavati to his father and explained what had happened. His father, highly gratified, blessed his son that death would never come to him as long as he desired to live, but would only approach after first being invited by him.
(To be continued)
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