Tom Chavez
Party on! While we can…
Beginning about 3000 BC, complex “Late Bronze Age” civilization developed throughout the Middle East. Bronze was made by mixing copper with tin, which was rare in the mideast. Chemical analyses confirm that tin came from distant Afghanistan. Tin then was like oil in our era.
The Mediterranean, Persian Gulf, Black Sea, Nile Valley, Greece, Turkey, Mesopotamia and other empires formed a thriving international system with trade links to the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean. Powerful militaries imposed order across the Middle East. Fleets of merchant ships sailed the seas, carrying wine, spices, bronze, and other merchandise.
By 1250 BC, the Minoans of Crete had enjoyed chic mansions, masterful art, a rich economy and extensive trade for almost a thousand years. The Egyptians under the New Kingdom pharaohs of the eighteenth and nineteenth dynasties had resurrected their ancient nation into a military superpower.
And yet, by 1100 B.C. international trade, large complex governments, commerce, art and even writing, all disappeared. The worst dark age of Western history lasted for 500 years. What happened? (We have no evidence that it was a virus pandemic.)
Into this wealthy, interdependent world came, says Archaeologist Eric Cline, a ‘perfect storm’ of calamitous events causing total collapse shortly after 1200 BC. Evidence indicates drought, famine, earthquakes, invasions and internal rebellions, all around the same time.
Tablets and letters from Ugarit up until the city’s final days, around 1185 BC, describe drought, famine, foreign invaders, conflagration, and destruction of orchards and fields.
Raiding parties and militias were the greatest destroyers of civilized order. Come to think of it, we have militia groups forming today in America, stockpiling guns and ammunition, preparing for the weakening of central governance. Hmmm.
The Bronze Age collapse didn’t happen overnight or in one decade, but cities could be looted and razed within days, and states could dissolve within years. By 1100 BC only Egypt remained, and it was so weakened that it never fully recovered.
Dolphin fresco, the Minoan palace of Knossos, Crete, (c. 1700-1450 BCE)
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